Menstrual cycle

The cyclical event  seen in sexually mature female in which there is per vaginal bleeding due to sheding of endometrium because of withdrawl of estrogen and progestrogen

The average menstrual cycle lasts 28 days

Menstrual stage

The first 3 to 5 days of the cycle are characterized by menstrual flow.

There is withdrawal of  hormones due to degeneration of  hormones so constriction of  endometrial arteriole then tissue ischemia and shedding of endometrium which leads to pervaginal bleeding

Proliferative (estrogenic) stage

. Begins during the later stages of menstrual flow and continues through the 13th or

14th day

Ovarian events

There is follicular growth due to stimulation of  FSH . The growing follicle produce estrogen which leads to endometrial change in uterus

Uterine events

Due to action of estrogen there is massive hyperplasia of endometrial cells

Hyperplasia of glands and watery secrection

Endometrium become highly vascularise

As the estrogen level persistently become high it gives positive feedback to hypothalamus which leads to massive release of  LH that leads to release of ovum from the ovary called as ovulation after ovulation graffian follicle changed into corpus leuteum which secrects progesterone and the cycle moves to secrectory phase

Secretory phase

Corpus leutem secrects progesteron which leads to fowling endometrial changes

·        Continues the hypertrophy of the endometrium

·        There is increased vascularity and increased edema.

·        Hypertrophy of  the gland and thick secrection from endometrium

·        Blood vessels become more spiral.

      

     Some remedies for painful mensuration:

1. Hot water therapy
2. Warm bath
3. Light exercise 
4. Balanced diet
5. Some NSAIDS like Mefenamic acid, Ibuprofen etc.