Acid Fly/ Nairobi Fly dermatitis treatment & prevention

 ⭕️🛑🐜NAIROBI FLY (PAEDERUS) DERMATITIS🐜🛑⭕️

✅INTRODUCTION

Paederus dermatitis, also known as dermatitis linearis or blister beetle dermatitis is a peculiar irritant contact dermatitis characterized by erythematous and bullous lesions of sudden onset on exposed areas of the body. 

✅CAUSE

👉 The disease is provoked by an insect named Nairobi Fly which is belonging to the genus Paederus. 

👉 This beetle does not bite or sting, but accidental brushing against or crushing the beetle over the skin provokes the release of its

coelomic fluid which contains paederin, a potent toxin that causes blistering and dermatitis.

✅ EPIDEMICS

The dermatitis may affect persons of either sex, all ages, races or social conditions, since it depends on the patient’s activities and insect habitat.

✅ SYMPTOMS

👉Burning and/or itching sensation, which eventually leads to swelling. 

👉Ugly patches of blisters on affected areas, as well as severe itching.

🔰 Clinical appearance of paederus dermatitis may be confused with herpes simplex, herpes zoster, liquid burns, acute allergic or irritant contact dermatitis, millipede dermatitis and phytophotodermatitis.

✅TREATMENT

👉 The cases should be managed as irritant contact dermatitis— removal of irritant, initial washing with soap and water, application of cold wet compresses followed by topical steroid and antibiotic, if secondarily infected.

👉 Some brands available in Vietnam: Fucicort, Forbancort, Fucidine H...

✅ PREVENTION

👉 Learn to recognize paederus beetles and avoid handling

or crushing these insects against exposed areas of skin.

👉 Keep doors closed and put screens on doors. Both doors and windows should be kept in good repair to reduce the entry of beetles into buildings.

👉 Sleeping under a bed net, preferably permethrin-treated, may also reduce the probability of a beetle falling on the

skin during the night.

 👉 A net or mesh can be tied under the lights to prevent the beetle from dropping onto humans.

👉 Avoid crushing the beetle on

the skin, manipulating primary lesions or rubbing the eyes following primary involvement.

👉 If a beetle lands on the skin, try to remove it gently (example: blow it off, try to get the beetle to walk on to a piece of paper and then remove it). Wash contact areas of the skin.

👉 Check areas for beetles (especially on walls and ceiling around the light) before going to bed. Avoid handling the beetle directly.

👉 Clear excess vegetations from and around the residence, as beetles may rest in these areas.

#nairobyflydermatitis

#Paederusdermatitis

15 drugs you should avoid if you are pregnant or plan on getting pregnant while taking it

 15 drugs you should avoid if you are pregnant or plan on getting pregnant while taking it.

1. #Thalidomide

Thalidomide is teratogenic, meaning, it can affect embryonic development. This particular drug was initially made to be a sedative, it was later used to treat “morning sickness” in pregnant women amongst other things, but it resulted in children born to the mothers who took the said drug to be born with defective limb- some were born without limbs, loss thumb and the likes.

2. #Tetracycline

Tetracycline can harm the fetus. It affects the bone & teeth development of the baby. It can also cause the teeth of your child to be permanently stained. If you are pregnant or get pregnant while taking this drug, contact your healthcare provider immediately.

3. #Chloramphenicol

This drug can cause gray baby syndrome and serious blood disorder.

4. #Ciprofloxacin & #Levofloxacin

They are both fluoroquinolone antibiotics. According to a study conducted in 2017, fluoroquinolone may also increase the chances of having a miscarriage. It can also cause problem to the baby’s muscle, skeletal growth as well as joint pains for the mother.

5. #Primaquine

Is an anti-malaria, animal studies have shown that it can damage blood cells in a fetus.

6. #Trimethoprim and #Erythromycin 

They are antibiotics know as sulfa drugs. They can cause jaundice (yellowing of the eyes) in the baby. And also Trimethoprim can cause neural tube defects which may affect brain development in the developing baby.

7. #Ibuprofen

Taking high doses of this drug can have dangerous consequences on pregnant mothers like; miscarriage, delayed onset of labour, jaundice, and it can increase the risk of bleeding for both mother and baby. Ibuprofen should not be used by pregnant women.

8. #Warfarin

This particular drug can cause birth defects and should only be used when benefits outweighs the risks.

9. #Lorazepam

This particular drug is used for treating anxiety or other mental disorders. It can lead to withdrawal symptoms and birth defects on the baby.

10. #Bismuth #subsalicylate

This particular drug can lead to birth defects.

11. #Phenylephrine or #pseudoephedrine

Phenylephrine is a decongestant (same with pseudoephedrine) used for short-term relief of nasal congestion from the common cold, sinusitis, upper respiratory allergies. They are available in several combinations with other over-the-counter cough and cold medications.

If you’re pregnant avoid pseudoephedrine or phenylephrine or medicines that contain them especially during your first trimester.

12. #Accutane (Isotretinoin)

Isotretinoin is used to treat a severe kind of acne called nodular acne. Taking this drug during pregnancy can cause serious birth defects in babies. And it is irreversible.

13. #Streptomycin 

If you’re pregnant, don’t use streptomycin as it may cause hearing loss in babies born to women who use the drug during pregnancy.

14. #Albendazole 

Albendazole is a drug for treating infections caused by worms. It is an anthelminthic. It should not be used during pregnancy as animal studies indicates it can cause fetal harm when used by pregnant women. If you get pregnant while on this drug speak to your doctor immediately.

15. #Fluconazole 

Fluconazole should only be used during pregnancy in the instance of life threatening fungal infection where the anticipated benefits outweighs the risk if not, an alternative should be used as it may harm the baby or cause spontaneous abortion.

Being pregnant is a very delicate situation, you should be careful about anything you take especially drugs, it’s not just you, even the life and wellbeing of your baby is at stake here.

Always consult your healthcare provider before taking any medication and talk to them about the medications you use already. It is very important.

#sharingiscaring

अस्पताल फार्मेसी निर्देशिका २०७८

 

चायाँ पोतोको कारण र उपचार। Chaya poto kasari hataune/ Melasma in Nepali

 

चायाँ पोतो को कारण र उपचार

चायाँ पोतोलाई अंग्रेजीमा Melasma मा भनिन्छ। गर्भ रहेको बेला पनि चायापोतो आउने भएकाले यसलाई mark-of प्रेग्नेन्सी पनि भनिन्छ। यो पुरुषमा भन्दा महिलामा बढी आउने गर्दछ। अमेरिकामा भएको एक अनुसन्धानमा करिब 90 प्रतिशत मानिस महिला थिए जसमा चायाँ पोतो आएको थियो ‌।

चायापोतोले छालामा कालो धब्बा गराउँछ, र यो धब्बा आफ्नो छालाको रङ भन्दा बढी कालो हुन्छ। यो प्रायः मुखमा आउछ र शरीरको अन्य अङ्ग जो घामको प्रतक्ष्य किरण वा सम्पर्कमा आउँछ त्यस्तो ठाउँमा पनी चाया पोतो देखिन सक्छ।

प्राय गाला, निधार, र घाटी मा चाया पोतो देखिन्छ। 

यसका कारणहरु

✓ गर्भनिरोधक चक्की प्रयोग गर्नाले 

✓ गर्भवती भएको अवस्थामा

✓ हर्मोन थेरापी गरेकाहरुमा

✓ तनाव र thyroid रोगको कारणले पनी चाँयापोतो आउनसक्छ। 

✓ dark skin-tone भएका हरुमा भन्दा light skin-tone भएकाहरुमा चायापोतो बढी देखिन सक्छ। 

✓  यो वंशाणुगत पनि भएको हुन्छ।

✓ घाम मा बस्नाले पनि छालामा पोतो वा आउनसक्छ, किनकि सूर्यको प्रकाशमा भएको विकिरणले छालालाइ रङ प्रदान गर्ने कोषिकालाई मार्ने वा प्रभावका पार्ने गर्दछ। 

 चायाँ पोतो को उपचार

✓ सामान्यतया गर्भधारण को बेला वा गर्भनिरोधक चक्कीको सेवन को बेला आएको पोतोहरु बच्चा जन्मिएपछि वा औषधि बन्द गरेपछि आफै हराएर जाने हुँदा कुनै पनि उपचारको अवश्यक पर्दैन। 

✓ अन्य अवस्थामा औषधी बिज्ञ वा चिकित्सकको सल्लाह  बमोजिम विभिन्न औषधिजन्य कुराहरूको प्रयोग गर्न सकिन्छ। तिनको प्रयोग चाँयापोतोको अवस्था,र यसको कारण अनुसार फरक हुन्छ। 

चाया पोतोको उपचार गर्नु पूर्व यसलाई थप बढ्न नदिनु नै उपयुक्त हुन्छ। 

✓ यसकालागि घामबाट जोगिनुपर्छ

✓ गर्भनिरोधक चक्कीको प्रयोग नगर्ने अथवा अन्य तरिका बाट गर्भ रोक्ने

✓ टिवी वा ल्यापटपमा हुने एलईडी लाइट बाट बच्ने

• घामबाट बच्नका लागि घाममा जाँदा zinc oxide, Iron oxide, titanium oxide भयको सनस्क्रिन लगाउनुपर्छ। 
• सनस्क्रिन लगाउँदा Sun protecting factor ( spf) अथवा एसपीएफ 30 देखि 50 सम्मको लगाउनुपर्छ।
• सनस्क्रिन लगाउँदा हरेक दुई दुई घन्टामा लगाउनुपर्छ।

सनस्क्रिन लगाउँदा औंलाको नियम

• सनस्क्रिन लगाउँदा २ औंला भरीको सनस्क्रिन मुखमा र घाँटीमा लपक्कै लगाउनुपर्छ। यो हरेक दुई- दुई घण्टामा वा 8 बजे 11 बजे र तीन बजे लगाउनुपर्छ, किनभने यो समयमा सूर्यको किरण अत्याधिक बढी हुन्छ।
• घाम लागेको वा बादल लागेको समयमा पनि सनस्क्रिन लगाउन बिर्सनु हुँदैन। 
  
  
  

चायाँ पोतोको लागी प्रयोगमा आयका कही औषधि

Azelaic acid, hydrocortisone, cysteamine, hydroquinone, tranexamic acid, tretinoin, 

- Combination of this drug

• सनस्क्रिन बाहेकका अन्य औषधिले छालाको कालो र रङ बदलिएको बाहिरी भागलाई हटाउने गर्दछ। 
• ध्यान दिनुपर्ने कुरा के हो भने सबै प्रकारका उपचार र पद्धतिमा छालाको दाग हरु पूर्णरुपमा हराएर जान्छ भन्ने हुँदैन। र गरिहाले पनि केही प्रतिशत गहिरो दागहरु बाँकी वा हराउन को लागि लामो समय लाग्न सक्छ
• त्यस्तै गरी चायाँ पोतो हटाउने अन्य विधिहरु पनि छन् chemical peeling, microneedling, laser and light treatment.
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• जुनसुकै उपचार पद्धती सुरु गरेपनि पोतो राम्रो सङ्ग जानलाई 3 देखि 12 महिना लाग्न सक्छ। 

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